Dr. William R. Sawyer, Chief Toxicologist: Curriculum Vitae

Toxicology Consulting and Assessment Specialists, Inc.

Curriculum Vitae Dr. William R. Sawyer, Ph.D. D-ABFM, D-ABFE, Board-Certified Toxicologist
Education
Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana Robert B. Forney, Ph.D. Committee Chairman Ph.D. Toxicology, 1988	1983 - 1988
State University of New York at Geneseo Edward Ritter, Ph.D. Committee Chairman M.A. Cellular & Molecular Biology 1982	1979 - 1982
State University of New York at Geneseo B.S. Biology 1978	1976 - 1978
State University of New York Agricultural and Technical College at Morrisville A.S. 1976	1974 - 1976
Professional Experience
Chief Toxicologist Toxicology Consultants & Assessment Specialists, Inc., Skaneateles, New York (Registered d/b/a 1990, Incorporated January, 1994)	1990 - Current
Forensic Toxicology & Causation Determination As a board certified toxicologist, I routinely provide impartial toxicological evaluations involving chemical exposures, alcohol ingestion, intentional poisons involved in homicides, carcinogens, pharmaceuticals, pyrolysis products, heavy metals, organic chemicals and drugs of abuse in civil and criminal litigation. Toxic exposure investigations include analytical protocol, referral of autopsy material for analyses, environmental and occupational health risk assessments, and site assessment and causation determination. Final work products including scientific methods and validation, forensic documentation and written reports are used in both forensic and routine (non-judicial) assessments to multiple nationwide clients. I have never been denied qualification or admission as a forensic expert in toxicology in the determination of toxicological medical causation. Forensic Environmental & Laboratory Analyses Through education and experience I have also gained extensive expertise in forensic petroleum analyses, environmental and clinical forensic analyses. With over 23-years of laboratory experience and over 14-years experience as a licensed environmental and forensic laboratory director in New York State, I have directed forensic laboratory analyses, sampling protocol and chain-of-custody in criminal and civil matters, and have provided petroleum spill assessments to multiple clients including governmental environmental agencies (NYSDEC), Departments of Justice, various State Attorney General Offices (New York, Montana), defense and plaintiff law firms and industry. Petroleum spill and exposure assessment reports have provided an objective determination to within a reasonable degree of scientific certainty.
Additional Current Positions
Assistant Professor (adjunct) SUNY Upstate Medical University Department of Medicine Syracuse, New York	1988 - Current
Editorial Advisory Board for the "The Forensic Examiner" (Peer-reviewer for the Journal)	1998 - Current
Previous Positions
Laboratory Director EXPRESSLAB, Inc. 5611 Water Street Middlesex, New York NYSDOH clinical license #SAWYW1 (1988-2000) NYS Environmental License (ELAP) #11369 National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program (NELAP) #11369 New Jersey DEPE license #73744 South Carolina license #9101100 California license (inactive)	1993 - 2002
Associate Editor Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine & Sciences Published by Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. Jointly sponsored by Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center; CME (Continuing medical education) accredited.	1997 - 2000
Chief Toxicologist Onondaga County Department of Health Syracuse, New York	1988 - 1993
Responsible for municipal & civil risk assessment, evaluation of environmental exposures, design and execution of environmental monitoring studies. Advise and communicate with the Office of the Environment/County executive and legislative subcommittees with respect to public health and environmental health issues. Established a Clinical and Environmental Toxicology laboratory licensed under the NYS DOH & NYS ELAP agencies (NY ELAP license #10183 and NYSDOH SAWYW1).
Onondaga County Department of Health Laboratory Director, Clinical/DOH SAWYW1 & Assistant Director, ELAP, Syracuse, New York	1988 - 1993
State Department of Toxicology Indianapolis, Indiana	1983 - 1988
NIH Clinical Research Center at Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY	1979 - 1983
Highland Hospital, Special Determinations Laboratory, Rochester, NY (part time)	1979 - 1983
Board Certifications
Board Certified in Forensic Medicine Board Certified and Diplomate, American Board of Forensic Medicine (D-ABFM)	1996-Current
Board Certified and Diplomate, American Board of Forensic Examiners (D-ABFE); Primary Division: Toxicology & Pharmacology	1994-Current
Professional Certifications
New York State Department of Health Certificate of Qualification Clinical Laboratory Director License Code No. SAWYW1 (inactive)
New York State Department of Health Environmental Laboratory Director ELAP License #11369 (inactive)
South Carolina Department of Health Environmental Laboratory Director ELAP License #91011001 (inactive)
New Jersey DEPE Laboratory Director License #73744 (inactive)
Asbestos Inspector EPA Certificate No. 10-111-50-1303 (inactive)
OSHA 29 CFR1910.120 40-hour Certified Hazardous Waste Operations & Emergency Response (inactive)
Societies
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society (Associate Member)	1986 - Current
American College of Forensic Examiners	1995 - Current
National Myositis Association (Medical Advisory Board Member)	1995 - 1997
Society of Toxicology (Associate Member)	1987 - Current
American Academy of Forensic Sciences (Member, promoted to Fellow, 1998)	1985 - Current
Society of Automotive Engineering (Member)	1986 - Current
The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists (Member)	1985 - Current
Honors
Sigma Xi Research competition, Fifth place	1987
Sigma Pi Alpha Scholastic Honor Society	1984

Personal Information
Telephone:	(800) 308-0080
	(315) 685-2345 (NY Office)
	(239) 472-2436 (FL Office)
Fax:	(315) 685-0634
Offices:	2155 Singing Woods Drive Skaneateles, NY 13152
	5786 Sanibel-Captiva Road Sanibel, FL 33957
E-mail:	tcas@tcastox.com
Date of Birth:	December 2, 1956
Place of Birth:	Webster, New York
Citizenship:	U.S.A.
Marital Status:	Married, 1989

Professional Presentations

Sawyer, W.R. and Rigle, D.A., "Evaluating Toxic Exposures after Daubert," Featured presentation at the 4^th Annual National Expert Witness & Litigation Seminar. Hyannis, Massachusetts; June 23, 1995.

Sawyer, W.R. and Rigle, D.A., "The Medical Aspects of Toxic Exposure Assessments," Annual Scientific Meeting of The American Board of Forensic Medicine & The American College of Forensic Examiners. Naples, Fl; October 12-14, 1998.

Sawyer, W.R. and Rigle, D.A., Featured continuing medical education credit workshop (3.75 credit hours) entitled, "Forensic Medicine Toxicology," and "Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)". Annual Scientific Meeting of The American College of Forensic Examiners for the American Board of Forensic Medicine. New York, New York; October 29 - November 1, 1999.

Sawyer, W.R. and Rigle, D.A., Featured continuing medical education credit workshop (2.00 credit hours) entitled, "Fundamentals of Medical Toxicology," Annual Scientific Meeting of The American College of Forensic Examiners, American Board of Forensic Medicine. Las Vegas, Nevada: October 24 – October 27, 2000.

Publications, Abstracts, Treatises & Editorial Publications

Sawyer, W.R., Ritter, E. and Faloon, W.W., "The Morphological Effects of Chenodeoxycholic Acid on Human Gastric Mucosa," The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Vol. 79, No. 5, 1984, pp. 348-353.

Carfagna, M.A., Sawyer, W.R. and Forney, R.B "Postmortem Distribution of Ethanol in Rats," The International Association of Forensic Toxicologist, Proceedings of the 24th International Meeting, July 28-31, 1987, pp. 87-93.

Sawyer, W.R., Waterhouse, G.A.W., Doedens, D.J. and Forney, R.B., "Heroin, Morphine and Hydromorphone Determination in Postmortem Material by High Performance Liquid Chromatography," Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 5, Sept. 1988, pp. 1146-1155.

Sawyer, W.R. and Forney, R.B., "Postmortem Disposition of Morphine in Rats," Forensic Science International, Vol. 38, Oct. 1988, pp. 259-273.

Sawyer, W.R., Steup, D.R., Martin, B.S. and Forney, R.B., "Cardiac Blood pH as a Possible Indicator of Postmortem Interval," Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 6, Nov. 1988, pp. 1439-1444.

Sawyer, W.R., Doedens, D.J. and Forney, R.B., "Heroin, Morphine, and Hydromorphone Determination in Postmortem Material by High Performance Liquid Chromatography" American Academy of Forensic Sciences 38th annual meeting, Abstract K13, 1986, pg. 114.

Sawyer, W.R. and Forney, R.B., "Postmortem Disposition of Morphine in the Rat," Presented at the 24th International Meeting, Banff, Canada. The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists Abstracts, 1987, pg. 12.

Carfagna, M.A., Sawyer, W.R. and Forney, R.B., "Postmortem Distribution of Ethanol in Rats," The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists Abstracts, 1987, pg. 13.

Sawyer, W.R., Steup, D.R., Martin, B.S. and Forney, R.B., "Cardiac Blood pH as a Possible Indicator of Postmortem Interval", Presented at the 40th Annual American Academy of Forensic Sciences meeting, February 19, 1988, Abstract No. K65, pg. 141.

Sawyer, W.R., Doedens, D.J., Authors Response to Discussion of "Heroin, Morphine and Hydromorphone Determination in Postmortem Material by High Performance Liquid Chromatography," Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 3, May, 1990, pp. 522-523.

Sawyer, W.R., "Analysis of Volatile Organic Contaminants from Biological Matrices by Purge and Trap Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry," Presented at the 44th Annual American Academy of Forensic Sciences meeting, February 20, 1992, Abstract No. K45, pg. 197.

Sawyer, W.R. and Rigle, D.A., "Toxic Etiology of Multiple Chemical Sensitivities: Review of Case Histories with Documented Toxic Exposure," Published in the Society of Toxicology; The Toxicologist, Volume 15, No. 1., 1995, pgs. 228 - 229.

Rigle, D.A. and Sawyer, W.R., Evaluation of Toxic Exposures after Daubert, Expert Witness Handbook, S.E.A.K., 1995 edition.

Miller, F.W., Sawyer, W.R., "What Causes Myositis" National Myositis Association Newsletter, No. 16, page 2., December, 1995.

Sawyer, W.R., "Identification of Unique Cocaine Metabolites and Smoking By-Products in Postmortem Blood and Urine Specimens" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment an Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol.1, No. 1, September 1998, Educational Reviews, LLC. from Jenkins, AJ and Goldberger, BA, Journal of Forensic Science, 1997, Vol. 42, No. 5, September, 824-827.

Sawyer, W.R., "The Effect of Glutaraldehyde Adulteration of Urine Specimens on Behring Syva Emit II Drugs of Abuse Assays" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol.1, No. 2 October 1998, Educational Reviews, LLC. from George, S, Bulletin of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists, Vol. 27, No. 2, January 1997 10-11.

Sawyer, W. R., "The Absorption, Blood Levels, and Excretion of Mercury after a Single Dose of Mercury Vapor in Humans" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, September 1998, Educational Reviews, LLC. from Sandborgh, G, et al., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, May 1997. Vol. 150, 146-153.

Sawyer, W.R. "Beyond Rohypnol: Use of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate and Burundanga in Rape." (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 3, November 1998, Educational Reviews, LLC. from Hollinger, MA, The Forensic Examiner, Vol. 7, Nos. 3 & 4, March/April,1998, 25-27.

Sawyer, W.R., "Automobile Exhaust as a means of Suicide: An Experimental Study with a Proposed Model." (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 3, November 1998, Educational Reviews, LLC. from Morgen, C., Schramm, J., et al., Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 4, July 1998, 827-36.

Sawyer, W.R., "Burns from undisclosed acids in a liquid used by temporary workers. A recent problem in occupational medicine caused by lack of information." (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, September 1998, Educational Reviews, LLC. Vol. 1, No. 3, November 1998, from Fischer, M., Hellmann, A., et al., Deutche Medizinische Wochenschrift, February 06, 1998, Vol. 123, No. 6, pgs. 151-54.

Sawyer, W.R., "2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Pregnant Long Evans Rats: Disposition to Maternal and Embryo/Fetal Tissues" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 4, December 1998, Educational Reviews, LLC. from Hurst, CH, et al., Toxicological Sciences, October 1998, Vol. 45, No. 2, pgs. 129-36.

Rigle, D.A. and Sawyer, W.R., Original Article/Special Presentation: "Carbon Monoxide Toxicity versus Carbon Dioxide Toxicity and their relationship in Attempted Suicide" Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 3, November 1998, Educational Reviews, LLC.

Sawyer, W.R., "Biological and Chemical Hazards of Forensic Skeletal Analyses" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1., No. 4, December 1998, Educational Reviews, LLC. from Galloway, A. and Snodgrass, BA., Journal of Forensic Sciences, September 1998, Vol. 43, No. 5 pgs. 940-48.

Sawyer, W.R., "A Fatal Case of Benzene Poisoning & Special Discussion by Drs. Sawyer & Rigle" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 5, January 1999, Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Barbera, N, Bulla, G. & Romano, G. Journal of Forensic Sciences, November 1998, Vol. 43, No. 6 pgs. 1250-1.

Sawyer, W.R. "Vitamin B2 Interference with TDx Drugs-of-Abuse Assays" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 5, January 1999, Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Kunsman, SW., et al., Journal of Forensic Sciences, November 1998, Vol. 43, No.6 pgs. 1225-27.

Sawyer, W.R. "Controlled Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) Exposure of Male Volunteers" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 6, February 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Nihlen, A, et al. Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 46, No. 1, pgs. 143-150, November 1998.

Sawyer, W.R. and Rigle D.A. Original Article/Special Presentation: "Toxicology of Aromatic Hydrocarbons"; Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 5, January 1999, Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc.

Sawyer, W.R. "Special Publication - Forensic Source Identification of Lead", (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 6, February 1999, Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc.

Sawyer, W.R. "Postmortem Drug Redistribution - Human Cases Related to Results in Experimental Animals" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 7, March 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Hilberg, T., et al., Journal of Forensic Sciences, January 1999, Vol. 44, No. 1, pgs. 3-9.

Sawyer, W.R. "A Case of Ballistic Toxicology" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1., No. 8 April 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Kerkoff, W. Bulletin of The International Association of Forensic Toxicologist, Spring 1999, Vol. 24, No. 1, pgs. 4-5.

Sawyer, W.R. "Nitrites Adulteration in Urine Drug Testing" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1., No. 8, April 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Spiehler, V., Bulletin of The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists, Spring 1999, Vol. 24, No. 1, pgs. 17-18.

Sawyer, W.R. "The Response of the Intoxilyzer 5000 to Five Potential Interfering Substances"; Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1., No. 9 May 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Caldwell, J.P. and Kim, N.D., Journal of Forensic Science, 1997 Vol. 42, No. 6, November, pgs. 1080-87.

Sawyer, W.R. "A New Drug-of-Abuse 4-Methylthioamphetamine (Flatliners) & Toxic Related Fatality" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1., No. 10, June 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Groombridge, C., et al., Bulletin of The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists, April 1999, Vol. 24, No. 2, pgs. 5-9.

Sawyer, W.R. "Fatal Ingestion of Paroxetine (Deroxatt ^TM)" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1., No. 10, June 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Tracqui, P., et al., Bulletin of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists, Vol. 27, No. 1, pgs. 9-10, January, 1999

Sawyer, W.R. "Forensic Evaluation of Pulmonary Toxicity Attributed to Amiodarone" (Special Presentation); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1., No. 10, June 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. Literature Review Backer, et al., American Heart, Vol. 123 (6), June, 1992, PDR, 1999, et al.

Sawyer, W.R. "Blood Alcohol Content Testimony" Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1., No. 11, July 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. Referenced Literature: The Testifying Expert, June 1999, Vol. 7, Issue 6, pg. 9 & Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies.

Sawyer, W.R. "The enigma of Arsenic Carcinogenesis: Role of Metabolism" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1., No. 11, July 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Goering, P.L., et al. Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 49, No. 1, pgs. 5-14, May 1999.

Sawyer, W.R. "Differential Diagnosis Methodology Accepted by U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals " Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1., No. 12, August 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. Referenced Literature: The Testifying Expert, July 1999, Vol. 7, Issue 7, p 9 & Vol. 7, Issue 6, p2.

Sawyer, W.R. "Toluene Diisocyanate Colocalizes with Tubulin on Cilia of Differentiated Human Airway Epithelial Cells" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 1., No. 12, August 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Lange, R.W., et al. Toxicological Sciences, Vol. 50, No. 1, pgs. 64-71, July 1999.

Sawyer, W.R. "GC/Mass Spectrometry Data from Fire Debris Samples: Interpretation and Application" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 2., No. 3, November 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Wallace, J.R., Journal of Forensic Sciences, September 1999, Vol. 44 No. 5, pgs. 996-1012.

Sawyer, W.R. "Potassium Nitrite Reaction with 11-Nor-Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-9-Carboxylic Acid in Urine in Relation to the Drug Screening Analysis" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 2., No. 3, November 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Lewis, S.A., Journal of Forensic Sciences, September 1999, Vol. 44 No. 5, pgs. 951-55.

Sawyer, W.R. "The Extent of Postmortem Drug Redistribution in a Rat Model" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 2., No. 4, December 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Hilberg, M.D., et al., Journal of Forensic Sciences, September 1999, Vol. 44 No. 5, pgs. 956-62.

Sawyer, W.R. "Exposure to Contaminated Milk Presents ‘Difficult Case’ for Application of Daubert Reliability Standard" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 2., No. 4, December 1999 Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. published in Expert Testimony, Evidence, & Trial Consultants, October 1999, Vol. 7, Issue 10, pg. 3.

Sawyer, W.R. "Fulminant Liver Failure in a Young Child Following Repeated Acetaminophen Overdosing" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 2., No. 6, February 2000, Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Bauer, M, et al., Journal of Forensic Sciences, November 1999, Vol. 44 No. 6, pgs. 1299-1303.

Sawyer, W.R. "Alcohol Content of Beer and Malt Beverages: Forensic Considerations" (Special Article Review Presentation, Critical Assessment and Original Abstract); Practical Reviews in Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Vol. 2., No. 6, February 2000, Oakstone Medical Publishing, Inc. from Logan, B.K., et al., Journal of Forensic Sciences, November 1999, Vol. 44 No. 6, pgs. 1292-1295.

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